Hazards of long-term dialysis are the following:
A long-term dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is associated with
Disequilibrium syndrome is a common complication of acute. Severe high blood urea nitrogen hyperlipidemia patients beginning dialysis prone to headaches, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, seizures, severe cases coma.
Second, long-term dialysis is associated with the pipeline coagulation
Dialysis tubing coagulation often start in the vein filter net, in the blood due to various causes precipitation of fibers of the filter pores blocked, so that the blood gradually solidified, severe piping can be extended to the whole dialysis.
Coagulation often occur in dialysis 1h later manifested as venous pressure continued to rise to> 100mmHg, blood pump is still not even close down, indicating that the filter has been venous blood clots blocking blood pump should be closed at this time, blocking blood flow pipes, replacement veins strainer or all of the dialysis tubing.
Cause coagulation many reasons, such as insufficient amount of heparin, low blood pressure, blood flow per minute <100ml, intravenous tubing or when connected to the blood in the veins dialyzer filters at the dead time is too long, the filter of a foreign body or dialyzer aging. In addition, by intravenous injection of certain drugs, such as promethazine, hypertonic glucose will trigger clotting. Patients with systemic due to infection, thrombocytosis, blood concentration, drug allergy caused by hypercoagulable state, should be paid.
Third, the long-term dialysis is associated with air embolism
Air embolism is a certain amount of air into the blood vessels, these gases mixed with the blood, body fluids reach foamy right heart and pulmonary artery, impairing blood that can lead to heart failure, severe can lead to death. Have proved 6ml air into rabbits after intravenous, rabbit occurs within minutes of death. Foreign reports, with the dog doing animal experiments, calculated by weight 5ml/kg to intravenous injection of air, the dog soon died. Described above, when a lot of air into the venous air embolism is formed, it can endanger the patient's life. In hemodialysis, the blood pump combined with a pressure, improper handling during operation, can cause air embolism.
Clinical observation and nursing through practice, we understand that in order to avoid and reduce complications in dialysis, such as hypotension, disequilibrium syndrome, convulsions and accident, air embolism, endoleak, coagulation occurs, you should pay attention to the following aspects:
1, to protect the dialyzer.
2, to strengthen the management of water treatment equipment.
3, master dialysis time and the amount of dehydration.
4, in the whole process of hemodialysis everything strictly aseptic strictly totally enclosed pipe connections.
5, a reasonable amount of heparin used.
6, strict flushing pipes.
7, and properly handle the patient's medication, monitor the coagulation status.
